Terminology
Basics
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| Akaike information criterion (AIC) | 赤池信息量准则 |
| analysis of variance (ANOVA) | 方差分析 |
| coefficient | 系数 |
| degrees of freedom (df) | 自由度 |
| deterministic | 决定论的 |
| Frequentist | 频率论者 |
| heuristic | 启发式的 |
| Inferential statistics | 推断统计学 |
| natural logarithm | 自然对数 |
| parameter | 参数 |
| partial derivative | 偏导数 |
| population | 总体 |
| random | 随机（变量） |
| random variable | 随机变量 |
| regularization | 正则化 |
| sample | 样本 |
| sampling distribution | 抽样分布 |
| statistics | 统计量 |
| variable | 变量 |
Bayesian_inference
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) | 近似贝叶斯计算 |
| Bayes factor | 贝叶斯因子 |
| Bayes' theorem | 贝叶斯定理 |
| Bayesian | 贝叶斯的 |
| Bayesian inference | 贝叶斯推断 |
| Bayesian information criterion (BIC) | 贝叶斯信息准则 |
| conjugate distribution | 共轭分布 |
| conjugate prior | 共轭先验 |
| evidence | 证据 |
| Hierarchical Dirichlet process (HDP) | 层次狄利克雷过程 |
| hyperparameter | 超参数 |
| maximum a posteriori (MAP) | 最大后验估计 |
| posterior distribution | 后验分布 |
| posterior probability | 后验概率 |
| prior distribution | 先验分布 |
| prior probability | 先验概率 |
Causal_inference
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| causal inference (CCAU) | 因果推论 |
| collider bias | 碰撞偏倚 |
| Simpson’s Paradox (SSIMP) | 辛普森悖论 |
Confidence_interval
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| Confidence interval (CI) | 置信区间 |
Correlation
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| correlation coefficient | 相关系数 |
| Jaccard similarity coefficient | 杰卡德相似系数 |
| Kendall rank correlation coefficient | 肯德尔秩相关系数 |
| Pearsons correlation coefficient | 皮尔森相关系数 |
| Spearman's rank correlation coefficient | 斯皮尔曼秩相关系数 |
Cross-validation
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| cross-validation | 交叉验证 |
| fold | 折 |
| Jackknife | 刀切法 |
| Leave-One-Out | 留一法 |
| overfitting | 过拟合 |
| underfitting | 欠拟合 |
Descriptive_statistics
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| bimodal | 双峰的 |
| Coefficient of determination | 决定系数 |
| Descriptive statistics | 描述统计学 |
| deviation | 离差，偏差 |
| dispersion | 离散 |
| error | 误差 |
| kurtosis | 峰度 |
| mean | 平均数 |
| median | 中位数 |
| mode | 众数 |
| percentile | 百分位数 |
| quantile | 分位数 |
| Quartile | 四分位数 |
| quintile | 五分位数 |
| skewness | 偏度 |
| standard deviation | 标准差 |
| standard error | 标准误 |
| Standard error of the mean | 均数标准误 |
| symmetry | 对称 |
| variance | 方差 |
Dimension_reduction
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| multidimensional scaling (MDS) | 多维标度 |
| principal component analysis (PCA) | 主成分分析 |
| t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) | t 分布随机邻域嵌入 |
| uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) | 均匀流形逼近与投影? |
Distribution
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| Bernoulli distribution | 伯努利分布 |
| Beta distribution | 贝塔分布 |
| Beta-binomial distribution | 贝塔二项分布 |
| binomial distribution | 二项分布 |
| categorical distribution | 分类分布 |
| Chi-squared distribution | 卡方分布 |
| continuous probability distribution | 连续概率分布 |
| Continuous uniform distribution | 连续均匀分布 |
| Cumulative distribution function | 累积分布函数 |
| Dirichlet distribution | 狄利克雷分布 |
| discrete probability distribution | 离散概率分布 |
| Discrete uniform distribution | 离散均匀分布 |
| distribution | 分布 |
| F-distribution | F分布 |
| Frequency distribution | 频率分布 |
| Gamma distribution | 伽玛分布 |
| geometric distribution | 几何分布 |
| half-open interval | 半开区间 |
| Hypergeometric distribution | 超几何分布 |
| Multinomial distribution | 多项分布 |
| negative binomial distribution | 负二项分布 |
| normal distribution | 正态分布 |
| Poisson distribution | 泊松分布 |
| probability density function | 概率密度函数 |
| probability mass function | 概率质量函数 |
| probability measure | 概率测度 |
| Pseudo-random number | 伪随机数 |
| Student's t distribution | 学生t分布 |
Hypothesis_test
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| alternative hypothesis | 备择假设 |
| F-test | F检验 |
| hypothesis | 假设 |
| hypothesis test | 假设检验 |
| null hypothesis | 零假设，原假设 |
| P value | P值 |
| Post hoc | 事后 |
| Post hoc test | 事后检验 |
| significance level | 显著水平 |
| Statistical power | 统计功效 |
| T-score | T分数 |
| Z-score | Z分数 |
| Z-test | Z检验 |
MLE
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| Fisher information | 费希尔信息 |
| Likelihood | 似然 |
| likelihood function | 似然函数 |
| likelihood-ratio test | 似然比检验 |
| marginal likelihood | 边缘似然 |
| Maximum Likelihood (ML) | 极大似然 |
| Maximum Likelihood Estimate/Estimator (MLE) | 极大似然估计 |
| score | 分数 / 得分 |
| Score test/ Lagrange multiplier test | 得分检验/拉格朗日乘数检验 |
| Wald test | 沃德检验 |
Model
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| Latent finite mixture model | 潜在有限混合模型 |
Probability
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| conditional probability | 条件概率 |
| determinism | 决定论 |
| event | 事件 |
| independent | 独立 |
| Independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) | 独立同分布 |
| instrumentalism | 工具主义 |
| mutually exclusive | 互斥 |
| odds | 比值 |
| probability | 概率 |
| probability theory | 概率论 |
Regression
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| dependent variable | 因变量 |
| effect size | 效应量 |
| explained variance | 可解释方差 |
| generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) | 广义线性混合模型 |
| Independent variable | 自变量 |
| linear mixed model (LMM) | 线性混合模型 |
| logistic regression | 逻辑回归 |
| regressor | 回归量 |
| residual | 残差 |
| simple linear regression (SLINE) | 简单线性回归 |
| sum of squares of residuals | 残差平方和 |
| total sum of squares | 总平方和 |
SEM
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) | 验证性因子分析 |
| exploratory factor analysis (EFA) | 探索性因子分析 |
| factor analysis (FA) | 因子分析 |
| structural equation modeling (SEM) | 结构方程模型 |
Stochastic_process
| English | Chinese |
|---|---|
| hidden Markov model (HMM) | 隐马尔科夫模型 |
| Markov chain (MC) | 马尔可夫链 |
| Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) | 马尔科夫链蒙特卡洛方法 |
| stochastic | 随机（过程） |